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Drug-resistant pathogens could threaten the food supply for more than two billion people and raise healthcare costs by $159 billion annually by 2050, according to a modeling of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) indicating that, for every $1 invested in urgent action now, there could be a return of $28.

The analysis, conducted by a global coalition of leading health and development organizations, is the first to thoroughly estimate the economic and health impacts of AMR on both humans and food-producing animals.

The modeling revealed that without immediate action, drug resistance could lead to annual global GDP losses of up to $1.7 trillion by 2050. The transmission of resistant pathogens from livestock to humans could incur costs of up to $5.2 trillion and could result in production losses in the livestock sector equivalent to the consumption needs of 746 million people, or over two billion in a more severe scenario by that year.

The analysis, published in three reports, was conducted by experts from WOAH, Animal Industry Data (AID), the Center for Global Development (CGD), the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), and RAND Europe, with input from The World Bank.

The EcoAMR series (Health and Economic Impacts of AMR in Humans and Food-Producing Animals), led by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), utilized the latest data from 204 countries and 621 subnational regions to project the effects of AMR on mortality, healthcare costs, food security, and the global economy.

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