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Antimicrobials — including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics—are medicines used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. Microorganisms that develop antimicrobial resistance are sometimes referred to as “superbugs.”

The UN estimates that bacterial AMR was directly responsible for 1.27 million global deaths in 2019 and contributed to 4.95 million deaths.

The World Bank estimates that AMR could result in $1 trillion in additional healthcare costs by 2050 and $1 trillion to $3.4 trillion in gross domestic product losses per year by 2030.

A recent report by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention noted that the likelihood of falling ill or dying from diseases that resist treatment has increased in Africa, with children and other vulnerable groups being most at risk.

“The continent faces the highest mortality rate from antimicrobial resistance, with 27.3 deaths per 100,000—exceeding the combined death toll from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria,” the report revealed.

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